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Endorse at least 1 B1: Memories Versus DSM-IV recollections (images, thoughts, perceptions) B3: Flashbacks Emphasis on dissociation and continuum of reactions Note: In children look for repetitive play/ trauma specific renactmentĬRITERION C: Avoidance Numbing separated from avoidance (moved to D). Criterion E: Duration is more than 1 month Criterion F: Interferes with social, occupational or other areas of functioningĩ PTSD in DSM-5 PTSD was removed from anxiety disordersĬriterion A2 (response involves “fear, helplessness, or horror”) removed from DSM-5 3 clusters are divided into 4 clusters in DSM-5 Avoidance Re-experiencing Persistent negative changes in mood and cognition Arousal 3 new symptoms were added Other symptoms revised to clarify symptom expression Separate diagnostic criteria for “preschool” (children 6 years or younger) New dissociative subtype for PTSD addedĬriterion A1 is expanded: Trauma involves actual or threatened event, including: Death Serious injury Sexual violence Four types of exposure Directly experienced Witnessed Learned happened to a loved one (must be accidental or violent) Repeated, extreme exposure to details (first responders, police – media exposure doesn’t count) Criterion A2 (Person responded to event with fear/anxiety/ helplessness/horror) is removed.Ĭriterion B (intrusion) has: Exact same 5 symptoms.
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Feeling constantly “on guard” or like danger is lurking around every corner. Feeling irritable, having anger outbursts. Criterion D: 2 or more hyperarousal symptoms Having a difficult time falling or staying asleep.
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Difficulties having positive feelings, such as happiness or love. A loss of interest in important, once positive, activities. Have difficult time remembering important parts of the trauma. Avoid places or people that remind you of the trauma. Physically responsive (high heart rate or sweating) to reminders of the trauma.Ĩ PTSD in DSM IV Criterion C: 3 or more avoidance symptomsĪvoid thoughts, feelings, conversations about the trauma. Acting/feeling as if traumatic event were happening again - “flashback.” Distress when reminded of the traumatic event. Criterion B: 1or more re-experiencing symptoms: Frequently upsetting thoughts or memories about a traumatic event. Criterion A2: Person responded to event with fear, anxiety, helplessness, or horror. May also have involved a threat to physical well-being. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Acute Stress Disorder Adjustment Disorders Reactive Attachment Disorder Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder Other Specified Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorder Unspecified Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorderħ PTSD in DSM IV Criterion A1: Person experienced/witnessed/confronted with event where there was threat of or actual death/serious injury. Involving actual or threatened death or serious injury or threat to one’s physical integrity (self or other) Witnessing or learning about event Subjective feeling of intense fear, horror or helplessness Sudden and unpredictable Shocking in nature (APA, 2000)Ĥ DSM-5 Traumatic event is described as exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence Adds experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic event (collecting human remains police officers repeatedly exposed to details of child abuse) Specifies repeated exposure is not through electronic media, television, movies, or pictures– unless exposure is work related (APA, 2013) Developmentally inappropriate sexual experiences without physical violence or injury (children)ĥ PTSD in the DSM Specific diagnostic syndrome related to posttraumatic symptoms emerged in publication of DSM-III (APA, 1980) Debilitating effects of war experience (Vietnam)-paralleled symptoms of victims of other forms of severe trauma (rape, natural disaster) Reactions were unique symptom profile not captured by mood or anxiety disorders Post-Vietnam syndrome became PTSD (North, Suris, Davis & Smith, 2009) Kate Hilton, DPC, LPC, NCC Dawn Ellison, DPC, LPC, NCC Fondren Institute for Psychotherapy Jackson MSĢ Trauma in the DSM In layman’s terms, trauma typically refers to both the event that produces distress and the ensuing distress in an individual (Briere & Scott, 2006) PTSD diagnosis presupposes exposure to traumatic event What counts as a traumatic event? DSM-III-combat, violent assault, natural disasters (outside the range of usual human experience) DSM-III-R-expanded to include learning about or witnessing friend or family member exposure to life-threatening event 1 DSM – 5 and Trauma and Stressor-Related Diagnosis